CASTE BASED RESERVATION POLICY OF INDIA


 The Indian Constitution declares in article 15 that "nothing in Article 15 or clause (2) of Article 29 shall prevent the State from making any particular provision for the improvement of any socially and educationally backward sections of citizens of or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes" (4). According to Article 46 of the Constitution, "the State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, in particular of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation."

The caste system has a lengthy history in India. The caste system, which dates back to the early Vedic period, divided individuals into four groups: brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, and shudras. During that time, a person's caste was determined by his line of employment, but the caste system became inherited later in the Vedic period. A child born into a shudra household is regarded a shudra for the rest of his life and must perform the same task as his family. This has significant ramifications in Indian society. This system of casteism had progressed to the point where, by the age of India's independence, a system of untouchability had emerged. The society discriminated against these untouchables, they were not allowed to participate in any activities with the other castes. 

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, aware of the deep evil roots of casteism in Indian society, established a system of reservation for such castes in order to improve their socio-economic status. The bulk of the people in India at the time belonged to the Scheduled castes, Scheduled tribes, and Other Backward Classes, hence this system of positive discrimination was crucial. According to estimates from the 1931 consensus, the aforementioned groups accounted for more over 52 percent of India's population.

It is critical for a country's growth and development that all of the country's sects grow together, and under the circumstances that existed when India gained freedom, this may have been hard to achieve without legal laws. Thus, given the setting of that time, instituting a reservation system was necessary. However, in the current situation, I feel that caste-based reservations should be abolished.

The concept of meritocracy is directly contradicted by the reservation system. An individual should be given opportunities to study and work based on his or her ability to do so, not on his or her caste. rejecting those who have fought hard for their opportunities, stands directly against the ethical code of conduct that should be followed by any educational institute.

In terms of societal development, India has advanced significantly. Individuals from any of the society's different sects can do whatever job they wish and would be given equal opportunities to do so.

The government has made a very effective move towards supporting people belonging to backward classes and those castes that are still in need of the state's support by introducing the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) reservation. People belonging to backward classes and those castes that are still in need of the state's support can apply for the EWS certificate and will be given reservation if they meet the criteria mentioned in the EWS reservation amendment Act, 2019.



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